Justice for Animals in Captivity Essays - Animal Rights,

Justice for Animals in Captivity Introduction Can animals in captivity be justifiable? If so when are cases when animals in captivity are justifiable? At what point can we justify animals in captivity and at what point does captivity become a moral dilemma? The Dolphin and Whale hunt The Cove (Dolphin Hunt) The process of capturing dolphins. They either end up in an aquarium in captivity or slaughtered for their meat. Whales in captivity The documentary blackfish shows whales in captivity and effects captivity has on a whale. Frameworks Aristotle /Telos/ Nussbaum /Species membership/ Dilemmas of Captivity Zoos Liberty- We think that we are doing what is best for these animals. However, we are denying them of their liberty. Autonomy- Conceptions of the good life, Self-rule. Wild dignity How "Wild dignity" differs from other accounts of dignity. Such as Kantian dignity, political dignity and Nussbaum animal dignity. Compare the different accounts of dignity and how they relate to Wild dignity. Companion Animals Can we violate the dignity of domesticated animals? Examples of cases were domestic animals are being violated of their dignity. Such as dressing them up in clothes or grooming competitions. Animal protection and approaches to Animals in Captivity Sanctuaries We see sanctuaries as helpful when they are used properly for rehabilitation. However, sometimes sanctuaries are the final stop for most animals. How to fight speciesism? We think we are the superior species and that animals are just animals. What is Pragmatism and what is abolition? Conclusion Can animals in captivity be justified? We have a long way to go with species membership and seeing animals as our equals. Animals in captivity is still a moral dilemma because we have yet to meet the needs of nonhuman animals.

Water Resource Plan, Point Source water pollution

Water Resource Plan, Point Source water pollution Free Online Research Papers The water resource issue I selected was point source pollution-water pollution. Water pollution originated from the birth of human civilization. Human waste was the first pollutant that contributed to how our water system is today. In time human waste has sought its way through to bodies of water all over the world. Many pollutants that have made their way into the earth’s water include oil, garbage, sewage, debris, fertilizers and chemicals. Personally, I believe that a sustainment plan that could alleviate the water pollution problem will take years to implement and extreme educational efforts. In my efforts to create a sustainment plan to alleviate water pollution involves many steps. Primarily, the world needs to understand the effects that can be produced by water pollution if not already taking effect. Water pollution effects can include but not limited to waterborne infectious diseases, nutrient pollution, chemical contamination, marine debris, thermal pollution and a cost to consumers. In my sustainment plan I would issue warnings to educate the population of the effects of water pollution by television, pamphlets, and radio. A presentation will also be proposed in person to all individuals outlining with photographs, actual stories and how the world’s budget could be affected by lone term cleanup efforts. Efforts to educate population would be made available to all within the community as well as advocating other communities for this special emergency education. At this time there is a bit of difficulty finding opposing viewpoints to water pollution. I believe that people are aware of water pollution but in some instances just do not know how to make a positive impact on the earth to assist in reducing or stopping the pollution. Unfortunately, there are people out there who do not care of the cost physically, environmentally and monetarily. Executives of Texas Oil and Gathering, Inc were arrested and tried in court of law for the illegal dumping of crude oil. These men did not care of the effects that the dumping would take on the earth. This action possibly has caused some major damage for fresh drinking water availability. A problem that results in water pollution is animal waste. Animal waste is collected through sewer drains and other forms of run-off. This poses an added problem to the water pollution because animals usually stay outside. To assist in the prevention of water pollution, some cities have imposed strict city ordinances making all dog walkers in parks to collect animal waste and discard appropriately. There are many challenges that I may be faced with in order to implement my plan. One challenge that I have to face is being very well educated with all the aspects of water pollution. Personally, I need to reach deep down inside and clearly state my thoughts on the issue at hand and the inevitable. People need to understand the delicate details that are embedded around water pollution. As far as limitations go the only setback that I see can be that of funding. Funding plays an intricate role in the ability to deliver the education of water pollution. Some people may be open to receive this information with thoughts of making a better effort towards positively affecting water pollution. My plan affects the community in a vast way because realistically the world as a whole will be affected as well. In order to reduce the cost to consumer together we all have to engage this issue with the utmost urgency. Jobs are the way of life in this day in age; people must know the importance of preventing water pollution to safeguard our children’s futures and generations to come. One topic that people need to view is the likelihood of resource depletion in regards to water pollution. If we keep on pollution our water sources there is a large chance that we will not be able to eat fish or for that matter even drink water. These resources are needed to ensure the life of humans and animals on this earth. Lifestyles can change due to the affects of water pollution. In the future, it may be unsafe or impossible to swim in bodies of water. This indeed would open up a new assortment of disadvantages to our way of life. Acting now and continuing the education of the human popula tion will assist in slowing down pollution as well as reaching the goal of stopping it completely. References Jones, S. (2008) super fun science. content4reprint.com/science/the-history-of-water-pollution.htm Jeantheau, M (2009) Grinning Planet. grinningplanet.com/2006/12-05/water-pollution-effects.htm U.S. Department of Justice. (2009). Enforcing and Defending the Law. From opposing views website. Research Papers on Water Resource Plan, Point Source water pollutionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Spring and AutumnGenetic Engineering19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameQuebec and CanadaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

HISTORY OF AMERICAN CAPITALISM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HISTORY OF AMERICAN CAPITALISM - Assignment Example Because of the American culture; our teaching methods and the fact, the winner holds the reins few if any one realizes that the South is still under reconstruction; is still at war and still at the mercy of the North. A very famous Southerner before he died said, â€Å"Surrender means the history of this heroic struggle will be written by the enemy that our youths will be taught by Northern School teachers learn from Northern school books THEIR version of the war†. 3. What was the background to the creation of the 2nd Bank of the United States? What was the main responsibility of the bank? What role did Nicolas Biddle play? What were his main policies? What was Andrew Jackson’s policy concerning the bank? In the early 1800s, the United States government did not print paper money but instead minted gold and silver coins called specie. The value of these coins was determined by the value of the metal in the coins themselves. People wanted a safe place to keep their savings of gold and silver coins, so they stored them in banks, which had strong vaults and other measures of security. One area of particular concern among bankers, businessmen, and government leaders was banking on the frontier. Frontier land was cheap, and speculators would buy large tracts expecting the price to go up as settlers entered the region. In order to finance their investments, speculators borrowed as much as they could from â€Å"wildcat† bank that sprang up to cater to this demand (Mansel and Kerr, 17-26). Jackson’s presidential term ended in 1836. Popular with the people to the end, his immediate economic legacy was fiscal instability for the country, which resulted in the Panic of 1837 during his successor, Martin Van Buren’s, presidency. His unshakable opinion remained, however, that over the long term an immensely powerful national bank held in private hands was a danger to democracy. Revenue Tariff for revenue pays interest on debts and funds within the government while

Retailing story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retailing story - Essay Example Often, he could split the food and the couple became so discontent with his living conditions (Keding 33). This made the couple to buy a wooden bowl, which they used to serve the old man food. One day when the couple was just sitting, their little son began to gather some wood in the ground. When his father asked what he was doing, the son responded that he was creating a wooden bowl for his parents to use in the future. Immediately, the couple began to cry and were ashamed that they were treating their father so cruelly, and from that day they decided to treat their father right. The plot details The main characters of the story are the old man, his son and wife, and grandson. At the beginning of the story, the author uses these characters to communicate his intended message to his audience. Basically, the elderly character portrays the qualities of the disability and lack of power to perform his daily duties and responsibilities. The son and his wife are arrogant and disrespect the ir father. However, their grandson honour the experience of the older generation and this explains why he is making a wooden bucket for their parents to use when he grows up. The mentioned characters create a strong ground for readers to understand the things that elderly people go through. They are often discriminated and disrespected by the younger generation. This story is important to our culture in that, it teaches parents on how to bring up their children in an upright way. This is because children are likely to imitate their parents’ conducts. This story is significant since it helps parents to understand that if they disrespect their elderly parents, their children are more likely to treat them meanly when they become old. The story continues to be told because it addresses a major concern in the society. The story is a wake up call for parents to correct their actions so that children begin to emulate true role models. This story is often narrated to create insights on why parents should cherish being role models to their children. This story means a lot to me in that it helps me articulate the importance of respecting the elderly. It reminds me of how the elderly are subject to discrimination from the younger generation. Further, this story shows the benefits of respecting the elderly as, preserving respect for personal and future generations. Various theories have been advanced by different theorists such as Maria Montessori, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky (Calvert and Barbara, 22). Although their theories differ greatly, these theorists have a similar concept of learning and children development. They believe that learning and development occur when children interact with the people around them and the environment (Pinter 28). The theorists affirm that young children are active learners and they tend to imitate those around them. SECTION TWO Retelling the story Once upon time, they lived a very old man in a small who lived in disability, His eyes had become dim, his knees trembled, and his ears were dull of hearing. His life was difficult in that he could hardly hold a spoon when eating and often he could split the food on the table. His son and his wife were disgusted at his father’s conduct and they served him food in the earthenware bowl. The poor man underwent a lot because of his age and his inability to perform chore duties. One day, his trembling hands could not hold

The United Kingdoms Tourism Industry

The United Kingdoms Tourism Industry The United Kingdom is one of Europes most influential countries. The United Kingdom is a sovereign state positioned near the north-western coast of continental Europe (Appendix 1), comprising of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The UK is one of the 27 member states of the European Union and is spread across about 243,000 sq. km (about 94000 sq. miles). The UK has the worlds seventh largest economy by nominal GDP and eight largest economy by purchasing power parity. It was the worlds first industrialized country Mathias (2001). Tourism is one of the foremost industries in the UK size wise. According to statistics by Wikipedia, the UK is the worlds 7th biggest tourist attraction behind France, USA, China, Spain, Italy and Turkey, with approximately 29.2 million visiting in 2011. In 2011 15.3 million visitors spent time in London with an estimated spending of over  £9.4bn that represents 52% of all inbound visitor spending calculated by VisitBritain in 2011. (Appendix 2) It is predicted that UK tourism could grow to  £188b within the next decade that is 60% by 2020 and the number of jobs related to tourism could increase 264,000 to 2.89 million, according to VisitBritain. Recently however, the UK tourism industry though having a great potential of growing faces some challenges and a serious competition from other most visited tourist destinations. CRITICAL ANALYSIS: UK tourism industry can easily be analysed critically with the help of Michael Porters five forces model. Porter in his five forces model refers to an organization but can be applied to a certain industry via which we can determine the competitive strength and weaknesses of that particular organization/industry. (Appendix 3) PORTERS 5 FORCES: Porters five forces include: THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS: When it comes to tourism, people want to explore new fascinating countries and that is why new entrants catch the attention of travelers. The UK tourism industry faces threat by new entrants such Turkey, Germany and Egypt while Malaysia and Mexico have attracted many tourists in 2011. The estimated number of international tourist arrivals in the UK till June 2012 were around 29.2 million which was 28.3 million in 2010 and the change from 2010 to 2011 had an increase of +3.2% according to UNWTO (2012). In 2011, Turkey climbed up in the most visited tourist destination above the UK to become the 6th most visited tourist destination in the world with an estimated number of 29.3 million tourists which was 27 million in 2010 and showed a massive +8.7% changed from 2010 till 2011 mentioned in Tourism Highlights by UNWTO (2012). The UK is facing a serious competition from Germany, which had 28.4 million visitors in 2011 and has shown +5.5% change from 2010 until 2011. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES AVAILABLE AND COMPETITIVE RIVALRY WITHIN THE INDUSTRY: Most of the tourists look for alternative destinations when they face problems in getting visas, bookings etc. and that is when substitutes get the upper hand. In Europe, Spain, France and Italy have been the biggest competitors of the UK tourism industry from the beginning, attracting huge amount of interest from tourists all over the world. France, which has been the most visited tourist destination and a country with a romantic image, still leads the raking of tourists visiting with approximately 79.5 million and is third in receipts with US $54 billion. Spain is second on the earners list with US $60 billion with approx. 57 million arrivals in 2011. Italy, ranks 5th with 46.1 million tourists in 2011 and receipts of $43 billion in 2011 UNWTO (2012). BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS AND SUPPLIERS: There is a lot of influence of buyers and suppliers on a tourism industry. In this report, buyers are the main tour operators of the product here, which is tourism. There are many tour operators working in the UK that offer competitive prices to tourists and discounts such as Thomas cook. They identify new locations/places and possess the power of convincing tourists to visit those destinations that has a lost cost attached to it. For every tourism industry, three As are very important and this similar is the case with suppliers. The three As are: Attractions Amenities Access Attractions include those places that are either famous for their natural beauty or are built in such a way that attracts tourists. If such places are owned by the government/owners, tourist should be allowed to visit them and the owners should always welcome them. There are many places in the UK that attracts a lot of tourist just because of their natural beauty or the way they are being constructed like The Tower of London, Windermere Boat Cruises, Flamingo Land Theme Park and Zoo, Royal Botanical Gardens, Stonehenge, Eden Project etc. Amenities include basic conveniences for tourist such as hotels, guesthouses, motels etc. A lot of funding is needed for this and there has to be a proper look after of these facilities. Last but not the least, Access includes means of travelling. The UK has an excellent transportation system that includes airports, railways, busses, motorways etc. London is famous for its magnificent underground tube system, which serves almost 3.22 million; people daily UNWTO (2012). PEST ANALYSIS: UK tourism industry can also be analyzed by doing PEST analysis. Which comprises of Political Factors, Economic Factors, Social Factors and Technological Factors. POLITICAL FACTORS: Political factors are those in which there is governmental interference such as laws, policies, tariffs, good and services, education, infrastructure etc. When we talk about businesses, political factors plays an important role in the regulation and operation of it. Political environment of the UK is fairly stable. There have been minor ups and downs with the issues regarding the UK joining EU and accepting Euro plus European Unions expansion and the UK supporting USA in its terrorism campaign, which has adversely affected its political stability. Other key issues includes the Visa Processing by the UKBA, VAT on tourism services, Air Passenger Duty etc. VISAS: Over the past few years, there has been a lot of new rules and regulations by the UKBA because of which many tourists face problems in getting their visas even after paying a hefty sum in visa fees. A short term visa to the UK costs  £78 which is  £25 more than that of a Schengen Visa ( £53) that gives an access to 25 counties and this is why 50% more visitors from India travel to the UK via France. From 2000 till 2009 the revenue generated via tourists from other countries has increased by 37.4% (in USD) which when compared to France (49.7%) and Germany (85.6%) is very low, according to Tourism Alliance (2012). Those tourists that come from counties other than the EU or those who require a visa are about 11% of all tourist that visit the UK (3.4m) and spend a lot on their travelling expenses per trip that contributes to an approx.  £3 billion to UKs economy, Tourism Alliance (2012). VAT: According to recent statistics by Tourism Alliance (2012) , the UK is one of the only four (others include Denmark, Slovakia and Lithuania) out of 27 EU member countries that charges full rate VAT to tourist on accommodations which is the second highest rate of VAT in Europe. This can be in a sense harmful to the UK tourism industry when compared to other tourist destinations across Europe. If the UK reduces taxes on accommodations and famous tourist destinations, it could result in a profit of  £2.6 billion over the next 10 years according to Deloitte/Tourism Respect. Other locations that have a full rate VAT in the UK includes amusement parks, museums, theaters, shows and cinemas and the UK also charges full rate VAT on restaurant meals which in EU countries averages up to 8.8%., while the average rate of VAT on accommodation in Europe is 10.3% as per statistics of Tourism Alliance (2012). When we look at competitors of UK, France in a couple of years after reducing VAT on restau rant meals from 19.6% to 5.5% showed that there were about 62,700 new jobs in that sector Tourism Alliance (2012) which is a clear indication of what other countries are trying to achieve and change in their tourism sector. AIR PASSENGER DUTY: IATA predicts by looking at the current figures that in 2014 there will be an estimated 3.3 billion tourist travelling via airplanes of which 2 billion will be travelling domestically. In November 2010, the UK Government increased APD of up to 55% and statistics from Tourism Alliance study in 2012 shows that APD has jumped to 650% for passengers travelling in economy class and 750% for those travelling in business class in the previous 5 years that contributes approx.  £2.2 billion yearly in revenue to the Government. A report by Oxera for Airport Operations Association in 2010 showed that if the government replace APD with that of EU, the Gross Value Added would show an increase of  £4 billion and there will be approximately 100,000 more jobs. ECONOMIC FACTORS: Economic factors are those due to which the spending of tourists can be affected. It includes inflation in the country, employment/unemployment statistics, Exchange rates, GDP etc. At the beginning of inflation that started to take place in second quarter of 2008, shortage in arrivals was reported and the inbound tourism of UK fell by 5% according to the Euromonitor International Figures. When the inflation struck in 2009, it affected a lot of business and tourism industry was one of those. People living in the UK preferred to spend their holidays domestically and the number of tourists from abroad also shown a decline. The Euromonitor International Figures that were recorded in 2009 showed that there was an approx. 12% decline of people travelling abroad from the UK. The inflation rate of the UK, which was last recorded in November 2012, was 2.70% according to ONS. (Appendix 4) In a report published by UKCES in 2012, it is mentioned that tourism accounts for approximately 6% of UKs GDP and has given employment to approximately 2.5 million people. Each UK nation has a tourism strategy that aims to raise the ambition of tourism over the next decade (People 1st, 2010a). Exchange rate and the fluctuations in currencies also play an important role in the spending patterns of tourists. The comparison of pound sterling versus euro has contributed a lot in the Britons spending more when they travel to other European destinations and Experts have noticed that the euro being cheaper than pound sterling has made it cheaper for the Britons to travel on holidays to European countries (Hall, 2012). The total UK tourism spend by sector can easily be seen in this image. (Appendix 5) SOCIAL FACTORS: The style of living of people and the cultural aspects that mainly comprises of population, growth, trends, careers, how safe the place is where they are living and being cautious about their health are generally considered as social factors. Tourists from other countries may not know much about the traditions and customs of the country they are visiting that may prove to be a problem at times. Some impacts of such social factors mentioned in a report of Travel and Tourism by Ann Rowe, John Smith and Fiona Borein in 2002 suggests that it will be good for the local people as well as the tourists to get together and learn more about different lifestyles which can be beneficial to both the parties as there is a room for improvement in the sectors of infrastructure, health and education, sports, traditions, heritage etc., as London is main hub of people for across the globe. In recent times people of the UK and the tourists are concerned about their safety and when travelling to the UK the riots of 2011 served as a minus for the tourism industry at that time. According to the Daily Mail UK, in India the editor of a magazine warned his followers in twitter that they should avoid coming to the UK at all. Due to these riots, many questions were raised on the safety and security procedures for the upcoming 2012 Olympics. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Technology plays an important role in the development of any business or industry and when a certain business provides facilities and are equipped with latest technology it creates a better relation between them and the customers. Bookings tickets and online holiday bookings have really excelled as the time progressed. According to ONS (2011), wireless hotspots in the UK were accessed by approximately 4.9 million users and 77 per cent of households had internet access. OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO THE UK TOURISM INDUSTRY AND RECOMMENDATIONS: If the UK wants to compete with the other famous tourist destinations across Europe and on the list, first of the few recommendations would be to reduce the visa application charges and restrictions along with the APD and bringing them on the same level as that of other European destinations because a family comprising of 4 members from India/China pays a hefty sum of  £612 as their Visa and APD charges when travelling to the UK, Tourism Alliance (2012). Tourism Alliance (2012) in their report show that when in 2009, Taiwanese visitors were granted visas to the UK, visitors grew by 39% and the revenue obtained from them increased by 155%. Another report by Tourism Alliance in which it is clearly mentioned that APD has already cost 23000 people their jobs in last seven years and if it continues to increase at this level by 2017 it would have resulted in  £1.1 billion loss and 6000 more jobs. Secondly the high VAT that the UK charges to its tourists, Tourism Alliance in 2011 predicted that if VAT on tourism is reduced to and brought in alignment with that of European nations, the UK tourism could earn approximately  £1.3 billion per annum that is 7% increase and since this report looks at the upcoming three years the short term losses in VAT receipts would be recovered in short span of three years. CONCLUSION. There has to be a better investment and marketing plans, events like the Olympics 2012, managing them successfully so that tourist get value for the money they paid, about which a report by Deloitte and Forecasting organization Oxford Economics has predicted that tourism sector is likely to grow by 3.5% per annum between 2010 and 2020. Together all the governing bodies and agencies should work in collaboration and every one of them can play their part in making the UK a better place to visit and explore.

The Research of Ground Services, Airlines and Airports Relationship

The research of ground services, airlines and airports relationship Abstract The purpose of this report is to investigate the airport ground services, the relationship between airports and airlines, and the scope of ground services. The results indicated that airports are multifunction service center that offer a large range of services to airlines and their passengers, airports and airlines are highly interdependent. However, the relationship between airports and airlines become competition, privatization, and globalization within the industry. 1. 0Introduction Airports are an essential part of the air transport system. They provide all the infrastructure needed to enable passengers and freight to transfer from surface to air modes of transport and to allow airlines to take off and land’(Anne 2012, p. 1). It is argued that the elementary airport infrastructure are composed of runways, taxiways, apron space, gates, passenger and freight terminals, and ground transport intercha nges. In order to be capable of fulfilling their role within the air transport industry, airports aggregate many different of facilities and services (Anne 2012).These services could include ‘air traffic control, security, fire and rescue in the airfield’ (Anne 2012, p. 1). Handling facilities are provided to passengers with their baggage, transport between aircraft and terminals, and handling within the terminal. On the other, airports also provide a large range of commercial services consist of shops and restaurants to hotels, conference services and business parks (Anne, 2012). This report will analyse the crux ground services to the airlines at airport, it will also illustrate the relevance between airport and airlines.Finally, it will state the process and activities of ground services. 2. 0Findings 2. 1 Key ground services The crux ground services of airport are ground services. Ground handling activities at airports are extremely significant to airlines (Anne 201 2). They influence both to an airline’s expense and the quality of service which airports offer to their passengers. Ground handling services could divide into ‘passenger handling, baggage handling, freight and mail handling, ramp handling, fuel and oil handling, and aircraft services and maintenance’. Anne 2012, p. 126) These activities are often provide between ‘terminal or traffic handling, which is passenger check-in, baggage and freight handling, and airside or ramp handling, which covers activities such as aircraft loading and unloading, cleaning and servicing’ (Anne 2012, p. 126). Occasionally, these services are provided by the airport operators, however, most of airports are provided by airlines or handling agents (Anne, 2012). 2. 2 The relationship between the airports and airlinesTyler (2011), IATA’s director general and CEO argues that ‘airports and airlines share a common interest in making aviation safer, more secure, user- friendly, operationally efficient and environmentally responsible’. It is argued that ‘an airport and an airline at one airport are, by nature of the business, jointly making a business project at the airport’ (Hihara 2010, p. 2). Airport is to provide related service to airlines, in exchange for landing fee, at the same time, airline provide air transport service to the airport, with or without stimulative money from the airport.These two services are not separable in one sense that each service may not exist without the other. ‘Also they are in a strategic complementary relationship, where one side’s effort could improve not only its own but also the other side’s contribution to the value of the joint project’ (Hihara 2010, p. 2). For instance, airport aims to improve airport services for purpose of increasing the charm of the airport and help airline’s isolated achievement to bring more passengers, as a result of both ending u p in enjoying more incomes. Therefore further efforts arising from such contractual relationship in addition to such interdependent relationship could have the potential to significantly enhance the values of the project both sides are participating in’ (Hihara 2010, p. 2). However, Anne (2012) argues that ‘airline–airport relationship is changing, being driven by trends towards greater competition, privatization, and globalization within the industry’.At the same time, ‘the airline–airport relationship is starting to become much more to do with the linking of two privately owned international companies, rather than two state owned organizations operated within the limits of national laws and regulations’ (Anne 2012, p. 132). 2. 3 Ground Services Model There are three kinds of ground handling models, historically; ground handling services may often controlled by the national airline or airport operator. Some airport operators such as Mi lan, Rome, Vienna, and Frankfurt airports, which have been heavily involved in such activities, earn very significant revenues from such activities – sometimes over half the total income of the airport’ (Anne 2012, p. 126). On the other side, the airlines operator will just pay rental fees and perhaps a small concession fee to the airports, and airlines or third party ground handling companies would provide the handling services. ‘Countries in Europe where the national airline has had a handling monopoly include Spain with Iberia and Greece with Olympic’ (Anne 2012, p. 26). It is believed that ‘European airports showed 44 per cent of aircraft movements were handled by airport operators, 27 per cent were self-handled by the national carrier, 8 per cent were handled by the national carrier for other airlines, 7 per cent were handled by independent ground handlers, and the remaining 14 per cent were self handled by other airlines. By contrast, in terms of passenger numbers, only 16 percent were handled by the airport operator, again 7 per cent by independent ground handlers and the rest by airlines’ (Anne cited in Deutsche Bank, 2012).Furthermore, ‘the relationship between airports and airlines in the United States is unique and so is worthy of special consideration’ (Anne 2012, p. 129). Anne (2012) also argues that ‘the airports and airlines enter into legally binding contracts include airport use and lease agreements which detail the fees and rental rates which an airline has to pay, the method by which these are to be calculated and the conditions for the use of both airfield and terminal facilities’.The key reason for the existence of these agreements is private bondholders need a formal relationship between the airports and airlines before investing in the airport. 2. 4 The scope of airport ground services Ground handling as the most significant services to airlines at airport, it could be div ided into three aspects, passenger handling, cargo handling and ramp handling. Passenger handling †¢ Ticking: ticket reservation, ticker sales, cancellations, and rebooking †¢ Check-in: check-in service and issue boarding cards Boarding: check boarding card, cross-checking passenger list, check identification and call missing passengers †¢ Flight information: flight timetables, passenger and baggage information †¢ Pick-up service: baggage tracing and delivery †¢ VIP and individual service: provide special service to VIP, child, disabled and elderly †¢ The other services: seating, restroom, toilets, duty-free stores, finance, etc. ( Munich Airport, 2013) Cargo handling †¢ Document handling: mail and necessary paper handling ( Munich Airport, 2013) †¢ Baggage handling: it could be divided into two parts . Departure baggage handling: deliver baggage to check-in, tagging and weighing, transport of baggage to airside, arranging and packing, deliver baggage to planeside and loading onto aircraft (Ashford, N. , Stanton, H. , and Moore, C. ,1997) 2. Arrival baggage handling: unloading from aircraft, deliver to terminal, arranging and loading onto claim devices, transport to reclaim area, announcement of baggage reclaim, and transport from reclaim area. (Ashford, N. , Stanton, H. , and Moore, C. 1997) Ramp handling †¢ Towing: towing of aircraft †¢ Maintenance: flight inspection, air conditioning, ground power supply, and deicing. †¢ Replenishment: fueling, catering †¢ Sanitation: fuselage and cabin cleaning. ( Munich Airport, 2013) 3. 0 Conclusion Based on findings, it can be found that the crux ground services of airports are ground handling, airports and airlines are highly depend on each other, they are multifunction service center that provide a large range of services o airlines and their passengers on the medium or marginal site of an air trip. However, the relationship between airports and airlines beco me competition, privatization, and globalization. References Ashford, N. , Stanton, H. , and Moore, C. 1997 , Airport Operations, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill, New York. Anne, G 2012, Managing Airports, Taylor and Francis publishing, London, UK, viewed 10 April 2013, RMIT University library database. Hihara, K 2010, Analysis on Airport-Airline Relationship with Risk Sharing Contract, viewed 10 April 2013. lt; http://www. pp. u-tokyo. ac. jp/research/dp/documents/GraSPP-DP-E-10-001_ITPU-DP-E-10-001. pdf>. Munich Airport 2013, business and partners, ground handling services, viewed 10 April 2013. < http://www. munich-airport. de/en/business/branchen/gh/index. jsp>. Tyler , T 2011, ‘Innovation in Airline-Airport Cooperation’, Press room, 2 November, viewed 10 April 2013. < http://www. iata. org/pressroom/pr/pages/2011-11-02-01. aspx>.

Leadership and Organizational Behavior Essay

Armor Valley Services (AVS), LLC is a company that provides programs that are specifically developed to meet the needs of anyone who qualifies for hospice care, personal care or homemaker programs, from the simplest custodial care to the most complexes concern. They recognize ease the emotional, physical and financial strains imposed upon the client and family. AVS is focused on building a working environment where people are better able to succeed. It encourages achievement with personal triumph as a major contributor to success. With this culture being at the top we are able to introduce a friendly virus within the organization. People are aligned to common goals and objectives to help with safety awareness. Even though, more training is needed to help accomplish this, the members all have a common direction of taking care of the client’s needs. These results indicate that my organization is dedicated to the members actively support each other to identify problems and find workable solutions. I am a Personal Care-giver, as such, I conduct services such as bathing, cleaning, preparing meals, sitting with clients and assisting them with the daily needs of life. I have been working part-time with AVS since September of 2009. The problems observed are the lack of training and personal care given to the individual patient. Most of the patients are elderly or unable to do for themselves. So we have to take the extra step to make them feel needed and want to give that extra push to live. Also untrained personnel can cause someone to lose their life. Even though this is a small upcoming business all precautions should be taken to ensure safety first. This is a very important aspect for me, because I don’t want anyone hurt from a lack of knowing. Other problems observed, is the lack of work for the personnel. If you don’t have enough patients for a worker, why hire another person to work and you are giving both workers part-time work. On the other hand, I understand why because it keeps the employer from having to provide any benefits. Preliminary Problem Statement AVS does not have enough well-trained employees for this type of job. We are dealing with elderly clients that have a multitude of problems. We are not trained in medical emergencies, to include CPR. I have abreast myself in ensuring that I have just the basics of CPR and the knowledge to know when emergency assistance is needed. Having untrained employees can cause risk, law suits and cause someone to lose their life. AVS also is trying to cut down their cost by not providing sufficient hours to their workers. Having insufficient hours can cause a big turnover and lack of enthusiasm in your workers. With these working conditions, how can the worker efficiently do their job; how can the clients get the best possible service; and how can the company retain and maintain the best possible work ethics, if their main focus is on cost effectiveness? The TCO’s my problem is related to are B- given the influence of factors such as values, attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and personality on individual behavior, demonstrate how knowledge of individual difference factors to help in understanding, predicting, and influencing individual behavior and C- given the array of theories of motivation, demonstrate their application to successfully guide employees toward accomplishing organizational objectives.